Citations and Further Reading:
SOURCES The Marshall Plan, coal, and oil
https://books.google.com/books?id=tWr...
https://znetwork.org/wp-content/uploa...
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3114553
Speech
https://www.marshallfoundation.org/th...
“In 1947, over 90% of the energy produced in Western Europe came from coal. Oil was nothing, less than 10% of the total energy bill. Until 1960, when that number was already up to over 30%”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
French communist party decline
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novembe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Fr...
“In the 1940s, these guys were worried. About two thirds of world oil production was controlled solely by American corporations” | “in 1947, oil prices just about doubled” | “Big oil companies were scared because as all of this is spiraling down, they had no alternative to save themselves. They couldn’t offset these trends by importing oil back home due to domestic laws they had set up in the 30s to limit supply and keep their prices up.”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
“1947, communists not only made massive gains in European parliaments like in France and Italy but also organized some of these countries’ largest strikes. In France, for example, 3 million workers organized by a communist union took to the streets after inflation went up about 60% and food rations were down to *less than half a pound of bread per day.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_st...
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/...
The “indispensable Communist scare” and the ECSC
https://books.google.com/books?id=tWr...
p.29
Training European workers in “the American Way”